The Penghu Archipelago澎湖縣-Taiwan (Mayo 2024)
Ang mga Isla ng P'eng-hu, P'eng-hu ay nagbaybay din sa Penghu, Chinese (Wade-Giles romanization) P'eng-hu Ch'ün-tao o P'eng-hu Lieh-tao, (Pinyin) Penghu Qundao o Penghu Liedao, maginoo na mga Pescadores, archipelago at hsien (county) ng Taiwan. Binubuo ito ng mga 64 maliliit na isla na namamalagi ng 30 milya (50 km) kanluran ng baybayin ng mainland Taiwan, mula sa kung saan ito ay pinaghiwalay ng P'eng-hu Channel.
Quiz
Lahat ito sa Pangalan
Ano ang ibang pangalan para sa Burma?
Sa pinanggalingan ng bulkan, marami sa mga isla ay binubuo ng naka-base na basalt, at napapalibutan sila ng mga coral reef. Ang mga isla ay mababa ang pagsisinungaling, karamihan sa pagtaas ng halos 100-130 talampakan (30-40 metro) sa ibabaw ng antas ng dagat. Ang pinakamataas na rurok ay mga 157 piye (48 metro). Ang mga isla ay may isang mainit na klima, na matatagpuan sa landas ng Kuroshio (Japan Kasalukuyang), at ang taunang saklaw ng temperatura ay mula 61 hanggang 82 ° F (16 hanggang 28 ° C). Ang pag-ulan ay halos 35 pulgada (900 mm) taun-taon, halos lahat ay nahuhulog sa pagitan ng Hunyo at Setyembre. Para sa natitirang taon ay may kakulangan ng tubig, at walang mga ilog. Sa taglamig ang mga isla ay pinalubog ng matinding hangin. Ang pinakamalaking mga isla ay P'eng-hu (25 square square [64 square km]), kung saan higit sa kalahati ng populasyon ang nakatira, Pai-sha (Baisha), Yü-weng (Yuweng), at Pa-chao (Bazhao). P'eng-hu, Pai-sha,at Yü-weng ay naiugnay sa mga daanan ng daanan.
About half of the islands are cultivated, but the soils are poor and the climate harsh; the main crops—sweet potatoes, peanuts (groundnuts), corn (maize), and millet—are those associated with poor hill country in southern China. A large part of the population are fishermen, and the European name Pescadores (“Fishermen”) was given to the islands by the Portuguese in the 16th century.
The islands were probably known to the Chinese (under the name Liu-chiu) as early as the 7th century ce. Their name first appears as P’eng-hu (or P’ing-hu) in Chinese sources of the 12th century, and it was at this time that they were probably first settled by Chinese fishermen from Fujian or Zhejiang on the mainland. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the Chinese government built a fort on P’eng-hu, established a civil government there, and imposed taxes on the fisheries. In 1388, however, the entire population was transported to the mainland. P’eng-hu was then abandoned and became a lair for pirates. Only in the reign of the Wanli emperor (1572–1620) did Chinese settlers again begin to colonize the islands, first establishing fisheries and then, in 1625, military colonies. Meanwhile, between 1622 and 1624, the islands had been occupied by the Dutch. At the end of the Ming dynasty, many settlers came to the islands to escape the fighting in southeast China, mostly from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian. By 1683 there were said to be some 6,000 inhabitants on the islands, who were formally placed under the control of the civil authorities in Taiwan. In 1721 the islands became the base for government punitive action against Zhu Yigui (Chu I-kuei), a rebel on Taiwan.
In the 19th century, when the Western powers began to have designs on Taiwan, the islands again became an important strategic area. They were occupied by the French in 1884–85, and, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, they were ceded to Japan, together with Taiwan. Returned to China in 1945, the islands were made a chen (township) under Taiwan and, in 1950, became a hsien of Taiwan province.
Since 1949 the islands have been under the control of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan; a Chinese Nationalist naval base, Ma-kung (now the county seat), was established on P’eng-hu. In addition to the fishing industry, the working of the islands’ phosphate deposits have also provided income. Area 49 square miles (127 square km). Pop. (2012 est.) 98,843.
